தொல்காப்பியம் - அறுவகை இலக்கணம் எழுத்து - ஒப்பீடு

njhy;fhg;gpak; - mWtif ,yf;fzk; vOj;J  - xg;gPL

த. முத்தமிழ்

தமிழ்த்துறை

உதவிப் பேராசிரியர்

தியாகராசர் கல்லூரி

மதுரை 09

     Kjy; ,yf;fz E}yhfj; jpfOk; njhy;fhg;gpak; fp.K. 5Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;ljhFk;. Njhy;fhg;gpak; 1610 E}w;ghf;fNshL vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; vd;w %d;W gFg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;E}y; gpd;tUk; ,yf;fz Mrpupau;fSf;F xU topfhl;bahf cs;sJ. ‘mWtif ,yf;fzk;’ vd;w ,yf;fz E}y; jz;lghzp mbfshy; fp.gp. 19Mlk; E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;ljhFk;. ,e;E}y; 799 E}w;ghf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp> Gyik vd;w MW gFg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t;tpU E}ypYk; cs;s ‘vOj;J’ vd;w xd;wpid kl;Lk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L ,t;tpU ,yf;fz MrpupaUk; vt;thW xd;Wgl;Lk;> NtWgl;LK; cs;sdu; vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu thapyhf mwpayhk;.

     njhy;fhg;gpau; vOj;jjpfhuj;ij E}d;kuG> nkhopkuG> gpwg;gpay;> Gzupay;> njhifkuG> cUgpay;> capu; kaq   ;fpay;> Gs;sp kaq;fpay;> Fw;wpaYfug; Gzupay; vd xd;gJ ,ay;fshfg; gFj;J483 E}w;ghf;fisf; $wpAs;shu;.

     jz;lghzp mbfs; vOj;jpyf;fzj;ij cUNthir ,ay;G> epiyapay;> Gzu;r;rp ,ay;G vd %tifahfg; gpupj;J> mtw;iw 145 E}w;ghf;fspy; $wpAs;shu;.

     vOj;jjpfhuk; vd;W njhy;fhg;gpaUk;> vOj;jpyf;fzk; vd;W jz;lghzp RthkpfSk; $Wfpd;wdu;. cl;gpupTfis ,ay; kw;Wk; kuG vd;W njhy;fhg;gpau; gpupj;Js;shu;. ,ay;G vd;W jz;lghzp mbfs; $wpAs;shu;. E}d;kugpy; njhy;fhg;gpay; jdpj;J epd;w vOj;Jf;fspd; xyp msT> capu;> nka; vd;w gpupT> Fwpy;> neby;> ty;ypdk;> nky;ypdk;> ,ilapdk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. Jz;lghzp mbfis ty;ypdk;> nky;ypdk;> ,ilapdk; Nghd;wtw;iw epiyapay;gpy; cs;tifahd ‘,sepiy’ vd;w jiyg;gpDs; $wpAs;shu;. epiyapay;gpd;kw;nwhU tifahd ‘xyp epiy’apy; Fwpy;> neby;> mjDila khj;jpiufisg; gw;wpAk; $wpAs;shu;. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ ,ayhd ‘nkhop kugpy;; nrhy;ypy; cs;s vOJ;Jf;fspd; ,yf;fzk;> Fw;wpaypfuk;> Fw;wpaYfuk;> kfuf;FWf;fk; Nghd;wtiw;iwg; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. mWtif ,yf;fzj;jpy; %d;whtJ ,ayhd ‘Gzu;r;rp ,ay;gpy;’ Fw;wpaYfuk;> Fw;wpaypfuk;> kfuf;FWf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; $wpAs;shu;.

     njhy;fhg;gpaupd; %d;whtJ ,ayhd gpwg;gpaypy; vOj;Jf;fs; vt;thW gpwf;Fk; (ve;j cWg;gpypUe;J gpwf;Fk;) vd;W $wpAs;shu;. mjidj; jz;lghzp mbfs; Kjy; ,ayhd cUNthir ,ay;gpy; $wpAs;shu;. njhy;fhg;gpaupd; ehd;fhtJ ,ay; ;Gzupay;’ MFk;. Epiynkhop kw;Wk; tUnkhop ,it ,uz;LK; GzUk NghJ Njhd;Wk; rhupia gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. jz;lghzp mbfs; $Wk; ‘Gzu;r;rp ,ay;G’ vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; GzupaypypUe;J NtWgl;lJ MFk;. epiynkhop kw;Wk; tUnkhop GzUk;NghJ epiynkhop ,Wjp vOJ;Jk;> tUnkhop KjnyOj;Jk; vt;thW khw;wkilfpd;wd vd;gjidNa $Wfpd;whu;.

     njhy;fhg;gpaupd; Ie;jhtJ ,ayhd ‘njhif kugpy;’ Gzu;r;rp tpjpfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,JNghy jz;lghzp mbfs; $wtpy;iy.

     njhy;fhg;gpaupd; MwhtJ ,ay; ‘cUgpay;’ MFk;. Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ngaupd; ,Wjpapy; NrUk; NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fisg; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. jz;lghzp mbfs; Ntw;Wik cUG gw;wp vOj;jpyf;fzj;jpy; $whJ nrhy;ypyf;fzj;jpy; $wpAs;shu;. njhy;fhg;gpaupd; VohtJ ,ay; ‘capu; kaq;fpay;’ MFk;. epiynkhop <w;wpy; capuPW tUk; NghJ tUnkhopAld; vt;thW GzUk; vd;gjidj; jdpj;j Xu; ,ayhfNt $wpAs;shu;. jz;lghzp mbfs; ,jid (capu; kaq;fpay; nra;jpfis) Gzu;r;rp ,ay;gpy; $wpAs;shu;.

     njhy;fhg;gpaupd; vl;lhtJ ,ayhd ‘Gs;sp kaq;fpaypy;’ nka;aPW tUnkhopAld; GzUk;NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fisg; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. ,jidAk; jz;lghzp mbfs; ‘Gzu;r;rpapay;gpy;’ $wpAs;shu;.

     njhy;fhg;gpaupd; xd;gjhtJ ,ay; ‘Fw;wpaYfug; Gzupay;’ MFk;. epiynkhop <w;wpy; Fw;wpaYfu vOj;Jld; tUnkhop GzUk; NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fisf; $wpAs;shu;. ,jidAk; jz;lghzp mbfs; ‘Gzu;r;rpapay;gpy;’ ,uz;L E}w;ghf;fspy; (41>42) kl;Lk; $wpAs;shu;.

     vOj;Jf;fspd; gpuptpidj; njhy;fhg;gpau; nghJthd Kiwapy; tpupj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;. jz;lghzp mbfs; vOJ;jpw;F kl;LNk Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J tuptbtk; (vOj;jpDila jw;Nghija tbtk;)> Xir ,itapuz;bw;F kl;LNk rpwg;Gf; nfhLJ;Jf; $wpAs;shu;. mjdhy;jhd; Ntw;Wik cUG> rhupia> Gzu;r;rp tpjp Nghd;wdtw;iwr; nrhy;ypyf;fzj;jpy; $wpAs;shu;.

     vOj;J epd;w epiyapy; vt;thW Njhd;wpaJ mjDila tbtk; vd;d vd;gjidAk;> vOJ;NjhL vOj;J GzUk;NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wj;ijAk; > vOj;J epiyahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ vt;thW xypf;Fk;> mjDila jd;ik vd;d vd;gjidAk;> vOJ;jpDila ,dq;fs; gw;wpAk; $wpAs;shu;. Mdhy;> njhy;fhg;gpau; mjpypUe;J rw;W tpyfp> vOj;jpDila nghJtpjp gw;wpAk;> rhupia> cUG (Ntw;Wik) gw;wpAk; $wpAs;shu;.

vOj;jpyf;fzg; GJik

    capu;> Ma;jk;> xw;W> capu;nka; vdg; nghJthff; $Wk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wpf; $wp mtw;wpw;F NkYk; mynfOj;J> $l;nlOj;J vdg; Gjpjhf ,,,uz;ilAk; Nru;j;J vOj;J mWtifg;gLk; vd;W mWtif ,yf;fzj;jpy; jz;lghzp mbfs; $Wfpd;whu;.

‘mWtif vOj;Jk; md;wp Fwpg;ngd;W mitrpy csNt’ (mWtif.vOj;J.2)

vd;W Fwpg;ngOj;ijAk; Nru;j;J vOtif vOJ;J cs;sJ vd;fpwhu;. jkpopyf;fzq;fspy; tpupthfg; Ngrg;glhj vOj;Jf;fspd; tuptbtk; gw;wpAk; jkpo; vz;fspd; tuptbtk; gw;wpAk; ,e;E}y; Gjpjhff; $WfpwJ.NkYk; vOj;Jf;fis vOJk; Kiw> xypAWg;Gfspd; ,af;fj;jhy; vOk; xypg;G Kiw> Xir msT Kjypa midj;Jk; xU Nruf; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

     goq;fhyf; fzf;fjpfhuk; Nghy ,k;kp vd;w rpw;wstpypUe;J Ke;jpup> Mohf;F> ehop> fyk; vd Kfj;jy; msitf;Fk; xd;W KJy; Mapuk; <whfj; jkpo; vz;zpw;Fk; tuptbtk; gw;wpAk; $wpAs;shu;. fzf;fpDila tbtk; gw;wpf; $WtJ mynfOj;jhFk;. jw;fhyr; RUf;nfOj;jpd; milahsq;fisf; $WtJ $l;nlOJ;J MFk;.

     nel;nlOj;jpy; I> xs ,uz;Lk; Nru;f;fg;glhky; mit ‘Fwpy; neby; eLthk;’ vdg; Gjpa ngau; ngWfpd;wd. ‘ma;> mt;’ vd vOJk;NghJ Fwpy; nka;apize;j xd;wiuahfTk;> ‘I’ vDk; NghJ ,uz;lhfTk; xypasT cs;sjhy; ‘Fwpy; neby; eL’ vd;W ngay; ngw;wjhff; fUjyhk;.

     Ma;j vOj;ij ,ilapdj;NjhL $WtJk; mJ kplw;wpy; gpwf;Fk; vd;gJk; ,e;E}y; jUk; Gjpa nra;jpahFk;. Ty;ypdk;> nky;ypdk;> ,ilapdk; KiwNa Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> mypg;ghy; vd;W $wpAs;shu;. vOj;Jf;fisj; nja;tq;fNshL nghUj;JtJk; ,e;E}ypd; GJikahFk;. vOj;Jg;Gzu;r;rpAk; nka;k;kaf;fKk; cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Gzu;r;rp ,yf;fzj; njhlu;r;rpapy; rhu;ngOj;J vd;w FwpaPL ,y;yhky; Fw;wpaypfu> cfur; nra;jpfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. capusngilia xg;Gf;nfhs;Sk; jz;lghzp mbfs; xw;wsngilia tpUk;gtpy;iy vdf; $Wfpwhu;. ,t;thW vOJ;Jf;fs; gw;wpAk;> mtw;wpd; jd;ikfs; gw;wpAk; vOj;jpyf;fzk; tpupthfg; NgRfpd;wJ.

KbTiu

    ,itNa ‘njhy;fhg;gpak;’ kw;Wk; gpw;fhy ,yf;fz E}yhd ‘mWtif ,yf;fzk;’ vd;w ,U ,yf;fz E}y;fspy; cs;s vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa xd;Wgl;l kw;Wk; khWgl;l nra;jpfshFk;.